OTOLARYNGOLOGY |
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Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head & neck disorders. The full name of the specialty is otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Practitioners are called otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, or sometimes otorhinolaryngologists (ORL). A somewhat outdated, but nevertheless commonly used, term for this speciality is ENT (ear nose and throat).
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PLASTICS |
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Plastic covers a range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products. They are composed of organic condensation or addition polymers and may contain other substances to improve performance or economics. There are few natural polymers generally considered to be "plastics". Plastics can be formed into objects or films or fibers. Their name is derived from the fact that many are malleable, having the property of plasticity. Plastics are designed with immense variation in properties such as heat tolerance, hardness, resiliency and many others. Combined with this adaptability, the general uniformity of composition and light weight of plastics ensures their use in almost all industrial segments.
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SURGERY -COSMETIC /PLASTIC SURGERY |
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Cosmetic -Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. The word "plastic" derives from the Greek plastikos meaning to mold or to shape; its use here is not connected with modern plastics.
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SURGERY - OPHTHALMOLOGY - EYE |
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Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment. The word ophthalmology comes from the Greek roots ophthalmos meaning eye and logos meaning word; ophthalmology literally means "the science of eyes." As a discipline it applies to animal eyes also, since the differences from human practice are surprisingly minor and are related mainly to differences in anatomy or prevalence, not differences in disease processes. By convention the term ophthalmologist is more restricted and implies a medically trained specialist. Since ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes, they are generally categorized as surgeons.
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SURGERY - PLASTIC |
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Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. The word "plastic" derives from the Greek plastikos meaning to mold or to shape; its use here is not connected with modern plastics.
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SURGERY - PODIATRIC - FOOT - FEET |
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Podiatric surgery is surgery performed by a "foot doctor".
Unlike other specialists, a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.) is a separate degree from that of a Medical Doctor (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.).
M.D.s and D.O.s differ in their approach to patient care. In all states in the U.S. they both have the same rights and privileges, although this has not always been the case. All M.D.'s and all D.O.'s have the same basic education respectively. Some then obtain further education and clincal time to become a specialist. A podiatrist is not an M.D. or D.O. that has obtained specialization.
In the U.S. podiatric medicine is regulated by each state. Podiatrists treat diseases, injuries and congenital problems of the foot, ankle and lower leg. Podiatrists are often paid less for the same surgery or treatment than an M.D. or D.O. Insurance companies say this is due to a lesser degree of education, but this is very often not the case.
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